Twice a year Z/Yen releases its Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI), and the latest for September 2015 is just out.
The ranks give cities a combined score based on five main factors:
- Business environment
- Financial sector development
- Infrastructure
- Human capital
- Reputational and general factors.
There was a huge reaction when New York dethroned London as the world's top financial hub in 2013, and the Big Apple held on in 2014 — but has London managed to take the crown back? And how are Asia's growing megacities doing as China's rapid growth cools?
(This list has been updated to reflect the latest update for September 2015.)
20.) OSAKA makes it in as Japan's second-highest ranked city, climbing by an impressive 11 places, the most of any city in the top 20.
19.) LUXEMBOURG punches well above its weight in finance — the tiny city-state is Europe's fourth highest-ranked hub.
18.) VANCOUVER stays in the top-20, but loses its position as Canada's second-most important financial city.
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